Am History Exam-2nd Semester

Name:

Matching

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.

a.	coalition
b.	revenue
c.	Tennessee Valley Authority
d.	New Deal
e.	national debt
f.	public works program
g.	Wagner Act
h.	demagogues
i.	Social Security system
j.	American Liberty League

Roosevelt’s program of relief, recovery, and reform

government-funded projects to build public facilities

project that helped farmers and created jobs by reactivating a hydroelectric power facility

legislation that allowed collective bargaining and set up a National Labor Relations Board

program that provided old-age pensions for workers, unemployment insurance, and other benefits

group that spearheaded much of the opposition to the New Deal

the total amount of borrowed money the federal government has yet to pay back

an alliance of groups with similar goals

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each name with his or her description below. You will not use all the names.

a.	Tojo Hideki
b.	Adolf Hitler
c.	Joseph Stalin
d.	Charles de Gaulle
e.	Francisco Franco
f.	Blackshirts
g.	Winston Churchill
h.	Benito Mussolini
i.	Neville Chamberlain
j.	Jiang Jieshi

Fascist Party leader who became dictator of Italy

10.

leader of the Nazi Party in Germany

11.

leader of the Soviet Union during World War II

12.

British prime minister during World War II

13.

British prime minister who signed a peace accord in Munich

14.

Spanish military dictator

15.

general who became prime minister of Japan

16.

Fascist gang in Italy

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.

a.	collaboration
b.	sitzkrieg
c.	appeasement
d.	Resistance
e.	Dunkirk
f.	fascism
g.	Lend-Lease Act
h.	blitzkrieg
i.	Mein Kampf
j.	anti-Semitism

17.

The term ____ refers to a political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation and the supreme authority of the leader.

18.

In the 1930s, Britain and France tried to prevent war by following a policy of ____, giving in to some of Germany’s demands.

19.

The term ____ means “lightning war” and refers to Germany’s tactic of striking quickly and deeply into enemy territory.

20.

The ____ authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense was seen as vital to American security.

21.

Vichy France adopted a policy of ____ with Germany.

22.

The Free French backed the underground ____ movement.

23.

At ____, British and Frence vessels rescued Allied soldiers.

24.

____ was the title of Hitler’s autobiography.

KEY TERMS
Match each term with its description below.

a.	America First Committee
b.	cash and carry
c.	Lend-Lease Act
d.	Neutrality Acts

25.

act authorizing the President to aid any nations whose defense he felt was vital to American security

26.

U.S. laws designed to keep the nation out of future wars

27.

group of American isolationists

28.

policy that required countries at war to pay cash for all nonmilitary goods and provide transport

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.

a.	GI
b.	war bonds
c.	rations
d.	D-Day
e.	carpet bombing
f.	victory gardens
g.	U-boats
h.	kamikaze
i.	island hopping
j.	Liberty ships

29.

vessels built in the United States that usually carried troops or war supplies

30.

technique by which planes scattered large numbers of bombs

31.

government savings notes bought by Americans to help finance World War II

32.

home projects that raised vegetables during World War II

33.

referred to U.S. servicemen

34.

suicide plane

35.

effort launched to invade Western Europe

36.

offensive strategy of American admirals to beat the Japanese in the Pacific

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.

a.	NATO
b.	Marshall Plan
c.	arms race
d.	iron curtain
e.	brinkmanship
f.	blacklist
g.	Berlin airlift
h.	containment
i.	Truman Doctrine
j.	HUAC
k.	Cold War
l.	brinkmanship
m.	satellite nation

37.

A(n) ____ in Eastern Europe was controlled politically and economically by the Soviet Union.

38.

The ____ was the imaginary line that divided Europe between capitalist West and Communist East.

39.

The term ____ refers to the competition that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world.

40.

After World War II, American leaders developed a policy of ____ to resist and stop the spread of communism.

41.

The ____ pledged American financial aid to all European nations following World War II.

42.

The ____ provided vital supplies to a region blockaded by the Soviet Union.

43.

In the late 1940s, the ____ investigated the motion picture industry for Communist influences.

44.

A(n) ____ shows the names of people whom employers agree not to hire.

45.

____ is the ability to come to the verge of war without actually going to war.

46.

The struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union to gain weapons superiority was the ____.

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items.

a.	transistor
b.	franchise
c.	beatnik
d.	per capita income
e.	Modern Republicanism
f.	baby boom
g.	GI Bill
h.	conglomerate
i.	National Defense Education Act
j.	reconversion
k.	integration

47.

From 1945 to 1960 the average income per person, or ____, nearly doubled.

48.

A giant corporation becomes a(n) ____ by investing in a wide range of businesses that produce different kinds of goods and services.

49.

A(n) ____ gives a group or individual the right to market a company’s goods or services.

50.

A tiny circuit that improved the transmission of electronic signals is called a(n) ____.

51.

The high birth rate that followed World War II continued the ____ that had begun during the war.

52.

In 1944, Congress passed the ____ to give World War II veterans benefits like college tuition and low-interest mortgage loans.

53.

President Eisenhower’s conservative approach to government was known as ____.

54.

The social and economic transition to peacetime after war is ____.

IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES
Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all of the items.

a.	Tet Offensive
b.	Geneva Conference
c.	Vietnamization
d.	New Left
e.	domino theory
f.	Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
g.	My Lai massacre
h.	conscientious objectors
i.	napalm
j.	deferment
k.	escalation
l.	teach-ins
m.	Ho Chi Minh Trail

55.

congressional act giving the President nearly complete control over United States military actions in Vietnam

56.

major Viet Cong attack on towns, cities, and American bases throughout South Vietnam

57.

incident in which American troops killed from 175 to 400 Vietnamese villagers

58.

the fear that if one nation falls to communism, its neighbors will soon follow

59.

policy of replacing American forces with South Vietnamese soldiers

60.

In 1964, President Johnson began a military ____, or expansion of American involvement, in the Vietnam War.

61.

College professors held ____ in which they expressed opinions about the Vietnam War.

62.

Young men who opposed fighting in a war on moral or religious grounds were ____.

63.

College students could postpone being drafted into military service by getting a(n) ____.

64.

Troops and supplies poured into South Vietnam from the North via the ____, a supply route that passed through Laos and Cambodia.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

IDENTIFYING MAIN IDEAS

65.

Why did FDR declare a “bank holiday” early in his administration?

a.	to cut off the use of cash
b.	to weaken the banking industry
c.	to inspect the financial health of the banks
d.	to give people in the banking industry a well-earned vacation

66.

Which New Deal agency was created to help businesses?

a.	Federal Reserve Board
b.	National Recovery Administration
c.	Civilian Conservation Corps
d.	Home Owners’ Loan Corporation

67.

What criticism did many Progressives make of the New Deal?

a.	It unfairly taxed successful, hardworking people.
b.	It promoted a regimented, militaristic society.
c.	It did not do enough to redistribute wealth.
d.	Many of its programs smacked of “Bolshevism.”

68.

Why are Huey Long and Father Charles E. Coughlin referred to as demagogues?

a.	They manipulated people with half-truths and scare tactics.
b.	They called for state ownership of factories and farms.
c.	They planned, but did not receive credit for, most New Deal programs.
d.	They resorted to bribery in order to pass FDR’s programs.

69.

Which of the following aroused the greatest opposition?

a.	the Wagner Act
b.	the Social Security system
c.	FDR’s attempt to “pack” the Supreme Court
d.	government funding of the arts

70.

Why did FDR cut back on expensive relief programs in 1937?

a.	He had lost faith in government programs.
b.	He was worried about the rising national debt.
c.	He wanted to put the money into weapons programs instead.
d.	He wanted to lower the Social Security tax.

71.

Which of the following was part of the New Deal legacy?

a.	guaranteed health insurance for all citizens
b.	an end to recessions in the economy
c.	a restored sense of hope among the people
d.	an end to discrimination against African Americans and women

72.

In his first few months in office, President Roosevelt

a.	abolished the banking system and government building projects.
b.	avoided direct action and sent problems to committees for study.
c.	pushed Congress to pass legislation to improve the economy.
d.	concentrated on programs that strengthened big business.

73.

The National Industrial Recovery Act aimed to help business by

a.	removing regulations.
b.	bolstering industrial prices.
c.	helping industries to get rid of excess workers.
d.	giving consumers money to spend.

74.

Many Republicans criticized the New Deal for

a.	going too far in its attempts to reform the economy.
b.	not doing enough to address the nation’s ills.
c.	failing to address unemployment.
d.	trying to put an end to the unequal distribution of wealth.

75.

In the short run, the Wagner Act led to

a.	a rise in union membership and a wave of strikes.
b.	a decline in union membership.
c.	rapid unionization of agricultural workers.
d.	an end to the National Labor Relations Board.

76.

How did Roosevelt’s programs help farmers?

a.	by raising crop production
b.	by encouraging farmer associations
c.	by allowing Mexican labor
d.	by giving financial assistance to farmers

77.

The massive government spending of the New Deal led to

a.	the end of the Depression.
b.	some short-term economic improvement.
c.	the collapse of capitalism.
d.	extreme shortages of food.

78.

President Roosevelt set aside WPA funds to support

a.	army veterans.
b.	agricultural research.
c.	unemployed artists.
d.	the House Un-American Activities Committee.

79.

All of the following New Deal agencies still endure today except the

a.	Tennessee Valley Authority.
b.	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
c.	Civilian Conservation Corps.
d.	Securities and Exchange Commission.

80.

What did Italy, Germany, and Japan have in common in the 1930s?

a.	They overturned traditional governments and established democracies.
b.	They were economic giants and together controlled world trade.
c.	They sought to solve their nations’ problems through conquest.
d.	They angered other nations by their persecution of the Jews.

81.

Which was part of American policy during the early years of World War II?

a.	denouncing Britain and France for declaring war on Germany
b.	following a foreign policy of appeasement
c.	remaining neutral while making war supplies available to Britain
d.	terminating all trade agreements with warring nations

82.

What prompted the United States to enter the war in 1941?

a.	the imprisonment of Jews in German concentration camps
b.	the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
c.	the pact that the Soviet Union signed with Germany
d.	Germany’s invasion of the Rhineland

83.

Joseph Stalin dominated the Soviet Union using the tactics of

a.	appeasement and neutrality.
b.	coaxing and persuasion.
c.	gifts of food and land.
d.	terror and purges.

84.

Both Mussolini and Hitler saw expansion of their territory as a way to increase

a.	national pride.
b.	pressure on their neighbors.
c.	goodwill toward their neighbors.
d.	pressure on their enemies.

85.

The Axis Powers were named for the “axis” between which two European capitals?

a.	London and Paris
b.	Paris and Berlin
c.	Berlin and Rome
d.	Berlin and Warsaw

86.

Although Communists and Fascists have traditionally been enemies, in 1939 which Fascist made a pact with which Communist?

a.	Hitler with Chamberlin
b.	Hitler with Stalin
c.	Hitler with Franco
d.	Stalin with Franco

87.

In 1932, Manchuria was taken over by

a.	Hitler and the Germans.
b.	Stalin and the Soviets.
c.	the Japanese military.
d.	Franco and the Nationalists.

88.

Lebensraum was the term Hitler used that meant

a.	a dream of German domination of all Europe.
b.	a dream of German domination of the Soviet Union.
c.	more power for Germany over Italy.
d.	more living space for the Germans.

89.

After Hitler had invaded Czechoslovakia and made a pact with Stalin, he invaded

a.	Poland.
b.	France.
c.	England.
d.	Japan.

90.

To which direction did Hitler look when he decided Germany needed more lebensraum (“living space”)?

a.	to the east: eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
b.	to the west: France and Spain
c.	to the south: Italy and Austria
d.	to the north: Denmark and Norway

91.

Hitler used which of the following military strategies when invading Poland?

a.	a sitzkrieg
b.	the Maginot Line
c.	a blitzkrieg
d.	U-boat attack

92.

The Vichy government of France adopted which of the following policies after Germany conquered France?

a.	resistance
b.	surrender
c.	appeasement
d.	collaboration

93.

Who inspired the British people to resist the German invasion?

a.	Charles de Gaulle
b.	Franklin D. Roosevelt
c.	Winston Churchill
d.	Jose Stalin

94.

Which was the real motive behind the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere?

a.	Japan wanted to liberate Asia from European colonizers.
b.	China wanted to expand its influence to the south.
c.	Japan, China, and Korea wanted to share their common natural resources.
d.	Japan wanted the region’s natural resources for its war against China.

95.

Why did two Chinese leaders, Jiang Jieshi and Mao Zedong, unite?

a.	to help form the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
b.	to fight the Japanese
c.	to defend the Burma Road
d.	to set up a puppet state in Manchuria

96.

Congress passed Neutrality Acts that were designed to

a.	support other neutral states around the world.
b.	support other nations in the Western Hemisphere.
c.	limit international involvement.
d.	allow nations to purchase weapons on credit.

97.

What led the government to evacuate Japanese Americans from the West Coast?

a.	long-held prejudice, and fears inflamed by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
b.	terrorist attacks by immigrants living on the West Coast
c.	fear for the safety of Japanese Americans on the West Coast
d.	refusal of the Nisei to accept United States citizenship

98.

The United States began to emerge from the depression as a result of

a.	freezing rents and prices.
b.	producing goods for the Allied forces.
c.	increasing production of consumer goods.
d.	allocating raw materials.

99.

Instead of making cars, the Ford Motor Company converted to making

a.	warships.
b.	artillery.
c.	bombers.
d.	trucks.

100.

What was the main war strategy that Roosevelt and Churchill first agreed on?

a.	to concentrate on chasing the Axis Powers out of Africa
b.	to concentrate on fighting the Japanese in the Pacific
c.	to concentrate on winning the war in Europe
d.	to defend Great Britain against invasion

101.

After the Allies gained control of Africa, what was their next target?

a.	France
b.	Japan
c.	the Pacific
d.	Italy

102.

The Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at

a.	the Battle of the Bulge.
b.	the Kasserine Pass.
c.	the Battle of Stalingrad.
d.	Normandy.

103.

The complicated Allied invasion to take Europe back from the Axis Powers began

a.	on D-Day.
b.	at the Battle of the Bulge.
c.	in Rome.
d.	in the Soviet Union.

104.

The Battle of the Bulge was

a.	the battle in which the least number of American troops fought.
b.	the largest battle fought in Western Europe during World War II.
c.	the largest battle ever fought in the Soviet Union.
d.	a minor World War II battle compared to many others.

105.

After Germany surrendered, the Allies decided to

a.	return it to the German people.
b.	divide it in two parts and return one half to the German people.
c.	divide it in three parts, to be governed by Britain, the United States, and the Soviets.
d.	divide it in four parts, to be governed by Britain, the United States, the Soviets, and France.

106.

After World War II, what organization was formed on the basis of the Atlantic Charter?

a.	the Yalta Alliance
b.	the United Nations
c.	the League of Nations
d.	the Warsaw Alliance

107.

What was one of the main goals of the Nazis in the 1930s?

a.	establish the Gestapo
b.	make all Germans carry identity cards
c.	get rid of the Jews
d.	host the Evian Conference

108.

What action did the Nazis take to strip Jews of their German citizenship?

a.	forced all Jews to emigrate
b.	opened the Warsaw ghetto
c.	passed the Nuremberg Laws
d.	opened concentration camps

109.

When the Japanese advanced against his troops, General MacArthur was forced to

a.	leave the Philippines.
b.	launch a bombing attack on Japan.
c.	surrender his ship.
d.	attack Corregidor.

110.

Through their island-hopping strategy, the Allies put themselves in a position to

a.	bomb Japan.
b.	win the Battle of the Coral Sea.
c.	retake Pearl Harbor.
d.	defend China.

111.

During World War II, many Japanese Americans were interned, or

a.	sent back to Japan.
b.	told to leave the United States.
c.	confined to camps in isolated areas.
d.	given special privileges.

112.

In what part of the world were the battles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal fought?

a.	the Atlantic
b.	the Asian mainland
c.	the Pacific
d.	the Italian peninsula

113.

Which of the following best describes Japanese kamikazes?

a.	one-man submarines that attacked American ships at Pearl Harbor
b.	guerrilla fighters who hid in caves on the Pacific islands
c.	bomb-loaded planes whose pilots deliberately crashed into targets
d.	guards at the prisoner-of-war camps operated by the Japanese

114.

What finally brought an end to World War II?

a.	a massive Soviet invasion of the Japanese islands
b.	the appeasement of Germany
c.	a U.S. naval blockade of Japan
d.	the dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

115.

V-E Day, May 8, 1945, marked

a.	the start of the largest landing by sea in history.
b.	the Allied attack on North Africa.
c.	the end of the war in Europe.
d.	the end of the war in the Pacific.

116.

Which of the following best describes satellite nations?

a.	nations in debt to the World Bank
b.	nations that belonged to NATO
c.	nations west of the iron curtain
d.	nations dominated by the Soviet Union

117.

What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine?

a.	to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
b.	to fight hunger anywhere in the world.
c.	to enforce the American foreign policy of brinkmanship.
d.	to reject the former policy of containment.

118.

How did the Soviet Union react to the Marshall Plan?

a.	The Soviet Union offered to share the plan’s cost with the United States.
b.	The Soviet Union refused to participate in the plan.
c.	The Soviet Union condemned the plan as unrealistic.
d.	The Soviet Union offered Western Europe a competing plan.

119.

The Berlin airlift was President Truman’s response to the

a.	reunification of East and West Germany.
b.	German development of the atomic bomb.
c.	Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
d.	construction of the Berlin Wall.

120.

In response to the formation of NATO, the Soviet Union

a.	created the Warsaw Pact.
b.	left the United Nations.
c.	ended the Berlin airlift.
d.	joined the Marshall Plan.

121.

Members of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) charged numerous Hollywood figures with

a.	promoting anti-Semitism.
b.	avoiding the issue of racism.
c.	spying for the Soviet Union.
d.	being sympathetic to Communist ideas.

122.

What was the outcome of the Korean War?

a.	Korea was unified under a Communist government.
b.	North Korea surrendered after the threat of atomic warfare.
c.	Korea remained divided at almost exactly the same place as before the war.
d.	China controlled North Korea while South Korea remained independent.

123.

What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?

a.	He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
b.	He strengthened the United States Army.
c.	He encouraged Americans to stand up for their civil rights.
d.	He created opposition to United States involvement in Latin American affairs.

124.

Which of the following is a reason the United States became involved in affairs in the Middle East following World War II?

a.	to limit Jewish immigration into the region
b.	to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling under Soviet influence
c.	to discourage the founding of a Jewish homeland in the region
d.	to overthrow dictatorships in Arab nations

125.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was based on the principle of

a.	free trade.
b.	collective security.
c.	appeasement.
d.	isolationism.

126.

Both President Truman’s Federal Employee Loyalty Program and Senator Joseph McCarthy’s hearings aimed to

a.	fight discrimination in government jobs.
b.	defend Americans’ civil liberties.
c.	reinvigorate the American economy.
d.	expose Communists in the United States.

127.

The Soviet Union wanted to rebuild after the war in ways that would

a.	protect its own interests.
b.	establish a politically open world.
c.	provide markets for its products.
d.	prevent the United States from building an empire.

128.

After the war, the Soviet Union quickly took control of

a.	the Potsdam Conference.
b.	Germany and Japan.
c.	the United Nations.
d.	several Eastern European countries.

129.

Stalin was determined that Germany would never

a.	repay its American debts.
b.	give up its nuclear weapons.
c.	threaten his nation again.
d.	take control of the Mediterranean Sea.

130.

For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by

a.	small battles worldwide.
b.	the gradual decline of Soviet power.
c.	American and Soviet isolationism.
d.	political conflict and military tensions.

131.

Why did the Soviet Union try to force the Allies to abandon West Berlin?

a.	to free the city from German hands
b.	to close an escape route to the West
c.	to strengthen the Warsaw Pact
d.	to support West Berlin’s Communist Party

132.

Why did a number of nations join to form NATO in 1949?

a.	to solve postwar problems as an agency of the United Nations
b.	to create an economic alliance against Germany and Japan
c.	to protect themselves from possible Soviet aggression
d.	to counter the military threat posed by the Warsaw Pact

133.

How did Truman react to the USSR’s deployment of an atomic bomb?

a.	He gave approval for the U.S. development of an even more powerful bomb.
b.	He added three more aircraft carriers to the navy fleet.
c.	He declared that another Soviet explosion would be considered an act of war.
d.	He arranged for a meeting between NATO and the Warsaw Pact.

134.

What did some members of Congress call for after China fell to Mao Zedong’s forces?

a.	the atomic bombing of Peking
b.	the protection of the rest of Asia
c.	a meeting between Truman and Mao
d.	a cutoff of foreign aid to China

135.

What was one result of the federal government’s hunt for Communists?

a.	Immigration from Southern and Central Europe increased.
b.	The climate of suspicion in the United States disappeared.
c.	Hollywood focused on films dealing with controversial issues.
d.	Some people’s civil rights were violated.

136.

At the end of World War II, Korea was divided into

a.	Southern pro-American government and a Northern pro-Communist government
b.	a Southern pro-Fascist government and a Northern pro-Communist government
c.	a Southern pro-Communist government and a Northern pro-American government
d.	none of the above

137.

The United Nations passed a resolution that supported

a.	the invasion of South Korea by the North.
b.	the invasion of North Korea by the South.
c.	efforts to defend South Korea and restore peace.
d.	a hands-off policy in both North and South Korea.

138.

General MacArthur favored breaking the stalemate in the war by

a.	opening a second front by attacking the Chinese mainland.
b.	opening a second front by attacking the Soviet Union.
c.	backing Jiang Jieshi in an attack on Taiwan.
d.	pulling out of Korea altogether.

139.

What was the final resolution of the Korean War?

a.	The North gained control.
b.	The South gained control.
c.	The dividing line moved north.
d.	The dividing line stayed about the same.

140.

Senator Joseph McCarthy’s power faded shortly after he

a.	appeared on television in the Army-McCarthy hearings.
b.	aired his accusations about former Secretary of State George Marshall.
c.	gave a speech to a joint session of Congress.
d.	claimed to have a list of 205 known Communists in the State Department.

141.

Under President Eisenhower, the United States acted to oppose

a.	Truman’s containment policy.
b.	French colonialists in Southeast Asia.
c.	Soviet influence in the Middle East.
d.	the United Fruit Company’s power in Guatemala.

142.

Because of its reliance on aircraft to carry nuclear weapons, the United States lagged behind the Soviet Union in

a.	hydrogen bomb testing.
b.	spy plane technology.
c.	missile development.
d.	destroyer and cruiser construction.

143.

The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation is known as

a.	deterrence.
b.	containment.
c.	brinkmanship.
d.	the Truman Doctrine.

144.

President Kennedy’s policy in Vietnam was to

a.	send 100,000 troops to South Vietnam.
b.	increase the number of American military advisors.
c.	gain the loyalty of the Viet Cong.
d.	support the efforts of Ho Chi Minh.

145.

Escalation of the war in Vietnam began with the

a.	My Lai massacre.
b.	passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
c.	formation of the Viet Cong.
d.	publication of the Pentagon Papers.

146.

American soldiers fighting in Vietnam had to cope with

a.	lack of training.
b.	tropical infections and booby traps.
c.	a lack of sophisticated equipment.
d.	working side by side with Communists.

147.

Civilians in both North Vietnam and South Vietnam had to suffer the effects of American efforts to destroy roads and bridges through

a.	Vietnamization.
b.	guerrilla warfare.
c.	saturation bombing.
d.	sniper fire.

148.

In the United States, television was instrumental in

a.	promoting understanding between Americans and the Vietnamese.
b.	developing enthusiasm for the American war effort in Vietnam.
c.	bringing the brutality of the war into people’s living rooms.
d.	revealing the contents of classified military documents.

149.

Some Americans questioned the fairness of the draft because

a.	the government refused to draft African Americans.
b.	only men between the ages of 18 and 26 were drafted.
c.	college students could easily avoid the draft.
d.	women were drafted along with men.

150.

The Vietnam War finally ended in 1975 when

a.	North Vietnam surrendered.
b.	U.S. forces invaded Cambodia.
c.	Nixon signed a peace treaty with North Vietnam.
d.	North Vietnam gained control over all of Vietnam.

151.

What did the United States fear would happen if it did not get involved in Vietnam?

a.	Diem would be assassinated.
b.	The French would be in control.
c.	Vietnam would invade China.
d.	Communists would take over.

152.

What congressional action gave President Johnson the authority to escalate the Vietnam War?

a.	the Pentagon Papers
b.	the Geneva Conference decision
c.	the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
d.	a Joint Chiefs of Staff finding

153.

What was the primary focus of the protest movement of the 1960s?

a.	to ban the use of Agent Orange
b.	to demand U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam
c.	to end segregation of the military
d.	to build support for the draft

154.

Tensions between students who opposed the war and National Guardsmen resulted in four deaths at

a.	Kent State.
b.	“Ole Miss.”
c.	James Madison University.
d.	Ohio State.

155.

In 1970, President Nixon announced that American forces would invade which country?

a.	China.
b.	Laos.
c.	South Vietnam.
d.	Cambodia.

156.

Who was the nationalist leader who led Vietnam against the French?

a.	Nguyen Van Thieu
b.	Nguyen Cao Ky
c.	Ho Chi Minh
d.	Dien Bien Phu

157.

Why did President Kennedy support the government of Ngo Dinh Diem?

a.	Diem had been democratically elected.
b.	Kennedy feared that Communists would take over South Vietnam.
c.	Kennedy feared that the Viet Cong would attack Saigon.
d.	Diem had honestly used American aid to carry out economic reforms.

158.

Why did South Vietnamese military leaders overthrow Diem?

a.	He had joined the Communists.
b.	He had lost American support.
c.	He had tried to flee Saigon.
d.	He had converted to Buddhism.

159.

What was President Johnson’s objective in Vietnam?

a.	to unite the country
b.	to promote democracy in South Vietnam
c.	to advise the South Vietnamese
d.	to prevent a Communist takeover

160.

What did Congress do after the North Vietnamese attack in the Gulf of Tonkin?

a.	declared war on North Vietnam
b.	gave Johnson control over American actions in Vietnam
c.	voted to withdraw from Vietnam as quickly as possible
d.	took complete responsibility for the conflict in Vietnam

161.

What principle, described by President Eisenhower, became associated with American involvement in Southeast Asia?

a.	containment
b.	dividing Vietnam
c.	the domino theory
d.	strengthening South Vietnam

162.

American soldiers were confused to discover that many South Vietnamese people

a.	spoke French.
b.	worked at farming and fishing.
c.	had fled to Laos and Cambodia.
d.	did not appreciate their efforts.

163.

One advantage the Viet Cong guerrillas had was their

a.	sophisticated weapons.
b.	elaborate tunnel systems.
c.	truck convoys.
d.	chemical weapons.

164.

Herbicides such as Agent Orange were used mainly to

a.	“firebomb” civilian targets.
b.	smash roads and heavy bridges.
c.	expose Viet Cong hiding places.
d.	frighten peasants.

165.

The officer in charge of the My Lai massacre was

a.	Le Ly Hayslip.
b.	Hugh Thompson.
c.	Ron Kovic.
d.	William Calley.

166.

Many young men resisted the military draft by

a.	joining the army.
b.	joining SDS.
c.	going to Canada.
d.	engaging in protest demonstrations.

167.

During the election of 1968, the issues dividing the country

a.	also caused a split in the Democratic Party.
b.	united various factions in the Democratic Party.
c.	had little effect on the outcome of the election.
d.	none of the above

168.

The winner of the 1968 election was

a.	Democrat Eugene McCarthy.
b.	Republican Richard Nixon.
c.	Independent George Wallace.
d.	Democrat Hubert Humphrey.

169.

What was the status of the Vietnam War by the end of Johnson’s presidency?

a.	Violence and conflict had escalated.
b.	Bombing was reduced and calls for peace negotions began.
c.	There was a stalemate, with no resolution in sight.
d.	The South Vietnamese were winning and called for the North to surrender.

170.

What did Nixon do as he withdrew American troops from Vietnam?

a.	sent troops to Laos
b.	accepted a proposed peace settlement
c.	evacuated Saigon
d.	resumed bombing raids

171.

Which of the following reignited student protests in 1970?

a.	the defeat of Eugene McCarthy
b.	Johnson’s escalation of the war
c.	Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia
d.	the surrender of Saigon

172.

Which of the following was not part of the peace treaty signed in 1973?

a.	The seventeenth parallel would continue to divide North and South Vietnam.
b.	All prisoners of war would be released.
c.	Elections to unify the country would be held within 60 days.
d.	The United States would withdraw from South Vietnam.

173.

What did North Vietnam do after the last Americans fled Saigon?

a.	attacked Hanoi
b.	signed the Paris peace agreement
c.	bombed Cambodia
d.	completed its conquest of South Vietnam

174.

What was one legacy of the Vietnam War?

a.	democracy for Laos and Cambodia
b.	a flood of refugees from Southeast Asia
c.	Communist rule of Southeast Asia
d.	a more powerful American President

175.

What was one reason for the creation of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial?

a.	to honor Asian Americans
b.	to celebrate the end of communism in Vietnam
c.	to honor the women who served
d.	to help heal the wounds created by the war